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Рефлуксът е друг термин за киселини (пироза) и описва явление в областта на стомаха. Това обикновено се предизвиква от твърде много стомашна киселина в хранопровода, която атакува лигавиците там. В зависимост от количеството, периода от време и киселинността, симптомите варират от неприятно усещане до силна пареща болка.
Ние, хората, не сме единствените, които понякога страдат от рефлукс. Много животни също са засегнати, в това число и кучета. Причините за това могат да бъдат различни и болезненото явление понякога представлява голямо бреме за четириногите приятели. За да защитим здравето им, е важно да разпознаваме симптомите бързо и да действаме по съответния начин, например като се премине към здравословно хранене и дъвчене.
Тъй като кучетата са хищници, за по бърза смилаемост на месото и неутрализиране на патогенни бактерии, тяхната стомашна киселина естествено има по-високо киселинно съдържание.
Хранопроводът на кучетата е хоризонтален. Съответно стомашна киселина може бързо да се върне обратно и да причини, дразнене, парене и болка. Обикновено храната се поема, сдъвква се в устата и след това преминава през хранопровода в стомаха. За да може да се преработи храната, производството на стомашна киселина се увеличава значително. След като храната достигне стомаха, сфинктерният мускул на входа на стомаха гарантира, че тя остава там за обработка известно време, преди мускулът да я изпрати по-нататък в дванадесетопръстника.
Кучето получава киселини, когато функцията на сфинктера е ограничена. Това означава, че както сдъвканата храна, така и стомашната киселина могат да се върнат обратно в хранопровода. Най-честите причини за рефлукс са: стрес, хранителна непоносимост, неправилна диета или някои видове заболявания, като възпаление на стомашната лигавица или нарушено производство на хормони.
Кучетата са чувствителни животни и реагират доста силно на стрес. Независимо дали е предизвикан от загуба на човек, преместване или заболяване: психологическият стрес може да доведе до голямо разнообразие от симптоми включително и рефлукс. Защото, при стрес храносмилането се свежда до най-важното, така че стомахът вече не преобразува съдържанието както обикновено. По-голямата част от стресираните кучета страдат от временни киселини.
Що се отнася до храната, кучетата са създания на навика, защото организмът им бързо се адаптира към количеството и времето на хранене. Храненето в необичайно време може да извади стомашно-чревния тракт от равновесие: Ако винаги поднасяте храна за вашият приятел в 7 сутринта, производството на стомашна киселина често започва един час преди това. Ако го нахраните час по-късно, през това време ще се произведе твърде много стомашна киселина, която не може да се разгради - ще се наруши храносмилателният процес и ще се появи пироза.
В някои случаи кучетата получават киселини, когато се хранят с кучешка храна с лошо качество или неподходяща храна за тях. Тя често съдържа вредни добавки като захар, пикантни подправки, изкуствени консерванти или оцветители, които правят храносмилателния процес още по-труден. Същото важи, ако споделяте неподходяща храна с вашия приятел или ако той се сдобие с остатъци от вашата храна: защото яденето на много пикантна храна и такава със подправки, също може да предизвика рефлукс на стомашна киселина.
Някои предишни и наследствени заболявания като васкуларна компресия на хранопровода и други, също могат да доведат до натоварване на храносмилателния тракт и по този начин да увеличат вероятността от рефлукс.
Освен това, някои кучета имат повишен риск от тежки симптоми на киселини. Това често се наблюдава в контекста на астма, тъй като хранопроводът и трахеята имат един и същ отвор. Ако стомашната киселина попадне във фаринкса, малки части от нея се озовават в дихателните пътища. Това може да раздразни бронхиалната система, понякога причинявайки увреждане на дихателните пътища. В крайна сметка обаче нито едно куче не е застраховано от болезнени киселини. Затова винаги внимавайте за възможни признаци на рефлукс.
Симптомите на рефлукс варират при различните кучета и могат да се появят веднага след хранене или часове по-късно. Поради тази причина трябва да наблюдавате вашия домашен любимец веднага след хранене и известно време след това. Най-често страдат от следните симптоми: оригване, кашлица, повишено слюноотделяне, затруднения при преглъщане, редовно хълцане, кисел дъх, повръщане на съдържимо подобно на пяна с примеси на храна, трескаво облизване на предмети, лапи или нос, отказ от прием на храна, повишен прием на вода, лошо храносмилане.
Ако от време на време наблюдавате един или повече от тези симптоми, това обикновено не е проблем.
Необходимо е обаче повишено внимание, ако симптомите се появяват многократно за по-дълъг период от време. В този случай ви съветваме да посетите ветеринарен лекар.
При вече установен рефлукс, за да подпомогнете храносмилателния тракт, също така е добре дневната дажба да се разпредели на няколко умерени хранения и водата да не се предлага нито много студена, нито прекалено гореща. Планирайте достатъчно периоди на почивка между тях, особено след хранене.
Веднъж диагностициран, рефлуксът обикновено може да се лекува много добре с лекарства. Но можете също така да направите много за благополучието на вашия домашен любимец през това време, чрез правилна диета с подходяща за вида и висококачествена храна за кучета като на пример „Алдагон-храна за дракони“.
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